Artificial Intelligence An Introduction

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an area of computer science that emphasizes the creation of intelligent machines that work and react like humans. Artificial intelligence uses machine learning to mimic human intelligence.

In 2020, many enterprise looking for the use cases which can assist in their day to day operations. These use cases can be a physical device, an intelligent software, a smart gadgets, and these all are possible by using Artificial Intelligence. Based on the market demand of smart devices and intelligent applications, 2020 will be the year of Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence (AI) also know as Machine Intelligence.

When someone hear about artificial intelligence the first thing come in mind is robot like figure, and this is due to history of science fiction robotic movies based on AI, like “The Terminator”, Terminator 2, Matrix Series and many more.

 

Artificial Intelligence is threatening to humans?

Most people think the super artificial intelligence can be dangerous to mankind. Since the evolution of computation system is too fast, now in this age of quantum computer computing power is thousand times more than human brain. So in the race of mimic human intelligence it may be possible that someday it become minacious.

But the fact is Artificial intelligence cannot product emotion and love in machines like human being, hence there is no way it become intentionally dangerous.

There are few scenarios in which it may be dangerous like

1. Use of Artificial intelligence in defense industries
   Using Artificial Intelligence smart missile, autonomous weapons are building.
2. Artificial Intelligence leads to unemployment.

AI Models:

1. Machine Learning
2. Neural Networks
3. Deep Learning

AI Applications:

1. Image Recognition
2. Speech Recognition
3. Chat bots
4. Natural Language Generation
5. Sentiment Analysis

Popular Languages for AI:

1. Python
2. R
3. C
4. JAVA

A few real time examples of AI:

1. Google search
2. Image recognition software
3. Siri, Alexa and other personal assistants
4. Self-driving cars
5. IBM’s Watson

History of Artificial Intelligence

Year 1943: Warren McCulloch and Walter pits in 1943 proposed a model of artificial neurons.

Year 1949: Donald Hebb demonstrated an updating rule for modifying the connection strength between neurons. His

Year 1950: During second world war (WW II) the Germans used to send their messages securely (encrypted text), to encrypted this message The Germans were using a device named ENIGMA (pic shown below).

During Second world war, British mathematician and scientist, Alan Turing and his team created a machine (named Bombe) which had broken the Enigma code. This machine was an intelligent machine which decrypt the encrypted text with very less human intervention.

Year 1956: The word “Artificial Intelligence” first adopted by American Computer scientist John McCarthy at the Dartmouth Conference. For the first time, AI coined as an academic field.

Year 1966: The researchers emphasized developing algorithms which can solve mathematical problems. Joseph Weizenbaum created the first chatbot in 1966, which was named as ELIZA.

Year 1972: The first intelligent humanoid robot was built in Japan which was named as WABOT-1.

Year 1974-1980: During AI winters, an interest of publicity on artificial intelligence was decreased.

Year 1980: After AI winter duration, AI came back with “Expert System”. Expert systems were programmed that emulate the decision-making ability of a human expert.

Year 1997: In the year 1997, IBM Deep Blue beats world chess champion, Gary Kasparov, and became the first computer to beat a world chess champion.

Year 2002: for the first time, AI entered the home in the form of Roomba, a vacuum cleaner.

Year 2006: AI came in the Business world till the year 2006. Companies like Facebook, Twitter, and Netflix also started using AI.

Year 2011: In the year 2011, IBM’s Watson won jeopardy, a quiz show, where it had to solve the complex questions as well as riddles. Watson had proved that it could understand natural language and can solve tricky questions quickly.

Year 2012: Google has launched an Android app feature “Google now”, which was able to provide information to the user as a prediction.

Year 2014: In the year 2014, Chatbot “Eugene Goostman” won a competition in the infamous “Turing test.”

Year 2018: The “Project Debater” from IBM debated on complex topics with two master debaters and also performed extremely well.

Google has demonstrated an AI program “Duplex” which was a virtual assistant and which had taken hairdresser appointment on call, and lady on other side didn’t notice that she was talking with the machine.

For detailed history please visit Artificial_intelligence

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